<p>Cranshaws Castle or Cranshaws Tower is a privately owned 15th-century pele situated by the village of Cranshaws in Berwickshire, Scotland. The building is still in use as a residence, and is protected as a category A listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lands of Cranshaws were originally part of the Barony of Bothwell, which barony was created for David Olifard (ancestor of the current chief of the Oliphants) by King Malcolm IV in the mid 12th century. Occupancy (typically, this would have been a feu - the superiority remaining with the Barony of Bothwell) was then granted to a younger Olifard son, with whose line the estate remained for some centuries.</p><br>
<p>In 1329, the senior representative of the younger line but now 7th chief, William Oliphant, Lord of Aberdalgie, died and amongst the properties which he left was Cranshaws, which he had inherited from his Olifard forebears.</p><br>
<p>In 1336/7, William Olyphant’s lands of Cranschawes and Hatherwick (Hedderwick) were in the hands of Edward III., on account of this William’s forfeiture.</p><br>
<p>In the meantime, the Barony of Bothwell passed in 1252 by marriage to the Morays on the extinction of the senior line of Oliphants. In 1362 Joanna de Moravia, heiress of Bothwell, married Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas. Their son and heir was Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas (1372–1424).</p><br>
<p>In 1401 Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas bestowed Cranshaws upon Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk whom the Earl calls "dilectus consanguineus nostra" (our beloved cousin).,Caledonia, Or an Account, Historical and Topographical, of North Britain...</p><br>
<p>By George Chalmers thus dispossessing the Oliphants. Following Swinton&#39;s death at the Battle of Homildon Hill the following year, the lands passed to his son Sir John Swinton, 15th of that Ilk, who is thought to have built the existing castle (it is not known what kind of building the Oliphants had).</p><br>
<p>In 1403/4, the Earl of Dunbar and March was stripped of his Scottish lands, much of which were given to Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas. In 1409 the Earl of Dunbar was restored to his Earldom of MarchCaledonia, Or an Account, Historical and Topographic, of North..., Volume 2</p><br>
<p>By George Chalmers The History of Scotland, containing all the historical transactions of that...</p><br>
<p>By David SCOTT (Historian.) P. 223 and it is probable that the Earl of Douglas attempted to transfer the superiority of Cranshaws to the Earldom of March some time before that date.</p><br>
<p>In 1435-6 Cranshaws was forfeited by the Earl of March but no record has survived of Cranshaws being connected to the Earldom of Dunbar and March before this dateTHE ACTS OF THE EARLS OF DUNBAR RELATING TO SCOTLAND c. 1124 - c. 1289: A STUDY OF LORDSHIP IN SCOTLAND IN THE TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH CENTURIES Elsa Catherine Hamilton, M. A. University of Glasgow</p><br>
<p>Circa 1460 there was a protracted battle for the superiority of Cranshaws which was being claimed for the Earldom of March.</p><br>
<p>The effective removal of the Cranshaws estate from the Oliphants without compensation or consent was the start of a dispute which lasted most of the 15th century:</p><br>
<p>1412 there is a charter of the lands of Cranshawes, wherein Walter (Oliphant), is called Lord of Aberdalgie.</p><br>
<p>1442: Sir John Oliphant was retoured heir to his grandfather in the lands of Cranshaws, his sasine thereon was taken Feb. 28, 1442/3 and was formally broken the next day by Sir John Swinton of that Ilk who also claimed these lands.</p><br>
<p>1464: there was an inquest over the dispute of ownership between Swinton and Lord Oliphant.</p><br>
<p>1474: Lord Oliphant petitioned the courts for ownership of Cranshaws</p><br>
<p>1476: Lord Oliphant claiming rights, raided Cranshaws, stealing oxen & horses.</p><br>
<p>The castle was re-acquired by another branch of the Douglas family, the Earls of Morton in the 18th century and there were extensive renovations carried out by George Douglas, 13th Earl of Morton (1662–1738).</p><br>
<p>The building was restored in 1896/97 by Andrew Smith of Witchester and in 1931 passed to his nephew Stenhard Landale FRSE.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>A rectangular keep, the castle has four storeys and rounded corners. The castle originally would have had a defensive barmkin of which there is no remnant. Its crenellated parapet is thought to have been built in the late 19th century when the castle had been sold on by the Mortons.</p><br>
<h2>Literature and folklore</h2><br>
<p>Cranshaws Castle is thought to be the inspiration for "Ravenswood Castle", the home of Edgar, hero of Sir Walter Scott&#39;s tragedy the Bride of Lammermoor. It is also supposed to be inhabited by a Brownie.</p><br>
<p>West Virginia Childrens Home is a national historic district located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses two contributing buildings and two contributing structures. The original Childrens Home building was built in 1909, with a main section and rear ell in the Colonial Revival style. An upper story to the ell was added by 1918, and an addition was built in 1935. The front facade features a portico with Corinthian order columns. The other contributing building is a two-story residence built in 1920. The contributing structures are the swimming pool  and a brick storage cellar. It served as the statewide institution for the housing and placement of orphaned, neglected, and dependent children from 1911 until 1977. It was subsequently occupied by a residential treatment facility for disturbed teenagers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Wees Historic District is a national historic district located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses 282 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object in a primarily residential section of Elkins. The district includes houses representative of popular architectural styles between about 1890 and 1955. The district also includes a variety of domestic dependencies, several historic churches, the 7.9-acre City Park, a Works Progress Administration-era public building, and a small number of commercial buildings. Also in the district is a bronze equestrian statue of Henry Gassaway Davis. Located in the district are the previously listed Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, Randolph County Courthouse and Jail, and the Warfield-Dye Residence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Wahrenberger House is located two blocks from the Texas Capitol, at 208 W. 14th Street, in Austin, Travis County, in the USA state of Texas. The home was built between 1867–68 by Friedrich Huster and sold to Charles Klein after completion. The house is named for Klein&#39;s daughter Caroline Wahrenberger, who was deeded the house in 1882. Since it was built, the house has served as a residence for several generations of the Klein–Wahrenberger family, and was the location for two German–American schools. At different times, both Pat Morris Neff and Sam Rayburn lived in the residence when Mrs. Wahrenberger ran it as a boarding house. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas in 1978, and was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Originally a two-story limestone residence when it was built in 1867–68, this house erected by Friedrich Huster has undergone a few changes. Both the main unit, as well as its separate one-story kitchen facility, were topped with a gabled roof. When Charles Klein acquired the residence, he added a second story and a one-story front porch. In 1916, a two–story gallery that had been added in 1887, was removed in favor of a two–story portico with columns. Later changes covered the limestone walls with stucco, in all but the north section of the house. 1946 was the last year the house served as a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Leased property</h2><br>
<p>Klein, and later his daughter, operated the house as a lease property. The German–American Ladies College was operated in the house 1874–1879, under the management of Natalie von Schenck and Alice Nohl.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, Klein leased the premises to Jacob Bickler, founder of the Texas German and English Academy. Bicker was the nephew of educator Philip Bickler who ran the Bickler German–English Academy in Austin. Jacob Bickler began the Texas German and English Academy in 1876, and in 1880 began operating the academy out of the Wahrenberger House. He later moved the academy to the larger Texas Military Institute Castle in Austin, but Bickler himself retained the lease on the house until 1886. On November 9, 1881, the old Texas Capitol was destroyed by fire. Due to their close proximity to the capitol building, Bickler and his students responded to the fire by rescuing many of the historical records housed in the Capitol.</p><br>
<p>Bickler was still leasing the property in 1882 when Klein deeded it over to his daughter Caroline Wahrenberger. Her husband, local businessman John Wahrenberger, died in 1864, leaving Caroline with four children to support. After the Bickler lease ended, Wahrenberger lived in the residence and ran it as a boarding house. Notable among the boarders were future Texas governor Pat Morris Neff and future Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Sam Rayburn. At the time, Rayburn was a student at the University of Texas Law School. After Caroline Wahrenberger.died in 1916, her daughters Mary and Josephine inherited the property. They, in turn, passed the property to their heirs. In 1946, the house became a business property.</p><br>
<p>Fayetteville Historic District is a national historic district located at Fayetteville, Fayette County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 126 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, and 3 contributing structures. It includes the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Fayetteville. Notable buildings include Jack&#39;s Garage , Theatre Building , Fayette County Jail , McClung House , Old Methodist Church , Old Post Office , Bank of Fayette-Town Hall , USA Post Office , and the War Memorial Building . Also in the district is the site of Fort Toland, site of Fort Scammon and the Old Fayetteville Cemetery. The district includes the separately listed Fayette County Courthouse, E. B. Hawkins House, and Altamont Hotel.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Kerse Loch , also recorded as Carse Loch  is a small freshwater loch in the East Ayrshire Council Area, lying in a glacial Kettle Hole, Parish of Dalrymple, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<h3>Etymology</h3><br>
<p>Carse, Cars, and Kerse in Scots refers to Low and fertile land; generally, that which is adjacent to a river or water body. The name appears to have originally referred to &#39;flat lands’ of a wet fenny and character, later associated with rich fertility.</p><br>
<h3>Cartographic evidence</h3><br>
<p>Robert Gordons map of circa marks the loch and the castle of Cars (sic) nearby. 1636-52Blaeu map of circa 1654 taken from Timothy Ponts map of circa 1600 shows the Kars Loch (sic) and nearby Cars Castle (sic) with substantial grounds and woodland. Molls map of 1745 shows the loch and also shows the castle lying to the east. Roys map of 1747 records the loch as Carse and the castle is located to the east. A burn running from the west is shown as feeding the loch. In 1821 the loch is clearly shown and Kerse is shown towards the Sundrum Water. In 1832 Thomsons map shows the Carse Loch with a small inflow burn and Carse dwelling on a road to the east.</p><br>
<p>Curling matches are recorded as having taken place at the loch in 1874 and on 24 December 1846.</p><br>
<p>The loch is mainly fed by rainfall and runoff and the Loch Kerse Burn runs down to join the Water of Coyle, however no mills appear to have been sited along the burns length. The Kerse Burn has been canalised and deepened along its length. By 1978 the railway close to the southern loch shore had been lifted and a boathouse had been established on the northern bank.</p><br>
<h2>Situation</h2><br>
<p>The loch lies below Broom Hill and the heights of the Craigs of Kyle, and on its banks is supposedly the site of Kerse Castle, one time stronghold of the Crawfurd clan before the family moved to nearby Skeldon House. The old maps consistently show the castle as lying well to the east of the loch beside the Bow Burn.</p><br>
<h2>Kerse Castle</h2><br>
<p>Kerse Castle (NS 306 508) was the stronghold of David Craufurd, the laird of Kerse and only a few stones may mark the old castle&#39;s position, supposedly not far from the Kerse Park Farm, however this is not proven. The first record of the castle is from 1281 and its demise is said to have been in 1797 when it was blown down in a storm. Reginald, first of the Kerse Craufurds, got a grant of the lands of Kerse from his brother Hugh, in the reign of King Alexander III (1249-1286).</p><br>
<h3>The Flitting of the Sow</h3><br>
<p>A legend linked to the castle and loch is The flitting of the Sow which relates to ongoing feuds between the Kennedys of Carrick and the Craufurds of Kyle. Three days before Lammastide, namely 29 July, Gilbert Kennedy came to Kerse Castle and informed the old Laird of Kerse that his clan would be tethering a sow on their land on Lammas Day. This insult and challenge resulted in the clans gathering all their supporters and on Lammas Day, 1 August, the lairds eldest son, Elspin, lead the clan into battle against the Kennedys on the Craufurds lands at the holms of Skeldon. In the ensuing fighting, John the lairds other son, was killed however the Craufurds eventually drove the Kennedys back into Carrick, a number drowning in the River Doon as they tried to escape.</p><br>
<p>The old laird had been too infirm to take part and had remained impatiently at the castle looking out over the Kerse Loch for any sign of a messenger from Elspin. At last a rider came into sight and the report was that his son John had been killed, however the Craufurds were triumphant and the sow had not been flitted (removed).</p><br>
<p>Alexander Boswell of Auchinleck, a descendent of the combatants, wrote a poem upon the subject, entitled Skeldon Haughs; or, the Sow is flitted.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The loch in 1846 was well stocked with pike, perch, and eels, and was frequented by wild-duck, teal, widgeon, and other aquatic fowl. The loch is part of the Wetland Bird Survey (WEBS).</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Southern Upland Fault is accompanied by a group of associated faults subparallel to the main fault, including Kerse Loch Fault, Littlemill Fault, Leadhills Fault and Glenmuir Fault. The former two mark the southern edge of the deepest part of Mauchline Basin. A series of lesser faults subparallel also transect the region and the intersection of the two fault trends has created a large number of discrete fault-bounded blocks.</p><br>
<h2>Micro history</h2><br>
<p>During the 1926 coal miners strike the farmer from Kerspark Farm would cross the loch on the ice to buy coal from the miners who were extracting from the old bings at Cairntable. On one occasion the cart broke through the ice and was abandoned where it sank.</p><br>
<p>People from Cairntable miners rows often swam in the loch, especially the children. The girls swimming site was called the Coo-Creep&#39;.</p><br>
<p>Cairntable Halt was located nearby at the miner&#39;s village of that name and close to Knockshinnoch Farm.</p><br>
<p>A Kerse House near Grangemouth is on the site of a castle and latterly was held by the Dundas family, later Marquises of Zetland.</p><br>
<p>Institute Farm, also known as the Loudoun Agricultural and Mechanical Institute, was the first agricultural school in Virginia and one of the earlist institutions devoted to agronomy in the United States. Located near Aldie, Virginia, the school was established as the Loudoun County Agricultural Institute and Chemical Academy around 1854 on a former portion of USA President James Monroe&#39;s Oak Hill plantation.</p><br>
<p>The institute was established by Benjamin Hyde Benton, Harmon Bitzer and James Gulick, who were active in the Agricultural Society of Loudoun, on land belonging to Gulicks family. The school lasted for only six years, suffering from the Panic of 1857 and failing in 1860. Gulick put the property up for sale, but with the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, was unable to sell. Gulickjoined the Confederate Army and was killed in 1864 at the Battle of Upperville. The property was by his estate to a neighbor, Isabella Turner. Turners estate sold the property to the Institute Corporation in 1916, whereupon the property became the headquarters for the National Beagle Club of America, which retains the property.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a 3-1/2-story stuccoed stone building. The large plain building is six bays wide with a partly sunken basement. The main entrance is through a small porch offset to the right to the first floor, replacing the original entrance, which was on the opposite side facing a tiered garden. The interior remains largely as it was when the property was a school, with a central hallway on each level running the length of the building. The second floor and attic levels are partitioned into smaller rooms originally used as dormitories. The property also features 13 log cabins built between 1917 and 1971, used by the club during beagle shows and trials for lodging.</p><br>
<p>The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 8, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Middleburg Historic District comprises the historic center of Middleburg, Virginia. The district extends along the downtown section of Washington Street, and is flanked on the east by Independence Street and to the west by Constitution Street. The district&#39;s commercial area is along Washington and Madison Streets. Middleburg was established in 1787, but the historic district includes few 18th-century structures, with most dating to the mid-19th century. The district includes the Red Fox Inn & Tavern, the oldest building in town and listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. Most of the structures in the core of the district are Federal style townhouses.</p><br>
<p>The most notable house in the district is "Chestnut Hill", also known as "The Hill," a large Federal-style house sitting apart surrounded by lawns. The district also features four churches. Little development took place in Middleburg in the late 19th century, and the district includes no examples of Victorian architecture. The district does include a few early 20th-century commercial structures.</p><br>
<p>The Middleburg Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Shikanoshima Island is an island in Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. The island is known as the spot where the Gold Seal of the King of Na, a national treasure, was discovered. The island is about 11 kilometres around and connected to the Umi no Nakamichi  on the mainland by a causeway.</p><br>
<p>On the hill that commands a view of Hakata Bay, two farmers found the golden seal in 1784. The area was developed into a park to commemorate the discovery, and designated Kin-in Park. According to Chinese chronicles, about 2,000 years ago, the Emperor Guangwu of Han, a dynasty of ancient China, granted an envoy from Japan a golden block seal, which was to be presented to the envoy&#39;s king. The seal was engraved with the characters 「漢委奴国王」"(Han wa na koku-ō"), meaning "From the King of Han, presented to the King of Nakoku". The seal can be seen in the Fukuoka City Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Col d&#39;Agnes  is a mountain pass in the French Pyrenees in the department of Ariège, between the communities of Aulus-les-Bains , Massat  and Vicdessos .</p><br>
<h2>Details of climb</h2><br>
<p>Starting from Aulus-les-Bains, the climb is 10.2 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 826 m (an average of 8.1%), with the steepest sections being at 10.6%.</p><br>
<p>Starting from Massat, the climb is 17.6 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 921 m (an average of 5.2%), with the steepest sections being at 8.2%. Approximately 4.0 km from the summit is the junction with the climb to the Port de Lers.</p><br>
<h2>Appearances in Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The Col d&#39;Agnes was first used in the Tour de France in 1988, since when it has featured five times, most recently in 2011, when the leader over the summit was Sylvain Chavanel.</p><br>
<p>The Port de Lers   is a mountain pass in the French Pyrenees in the department of Ariège, between the communities of Aulus-les-Bains , Massat  and Vicdessos .</p><br>
<h2>Details of climb</h2><br>
<p>Starting from Vicdessos, the climb is 11.5 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 807 m (an average of 7.0%), with the steepest section being at 10.9%.</p><br>
<p>Starting from Massat, the climb is 16.6 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 868 m (an average of 5.2%), with the steepest sections being at 8.9%. At 3.8 km from the summit is the junction with the climb to the Col d&#39;Agnes.</p><br>
<h2>Appearances in Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The Port de Lers was first used in the Tour de France in 1995, since when it has featured four times, most recently in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The McElwain House is an historic house at 11 West Presque Isle Road in Caribou, Maine. Built in 1916-17 by a prosperous farmer, it is a fine local example of Colonial Revival architecture and a reminder of a period of prosperity in Aroostook County. It is home to the Northern Maine Development Commission; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1982, and delisted in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The McElwain House is located at the northwest corner of Main Street and West Presque Isle Road, in a rural setting on the south side of Caribou. It is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a truncated hip roof topped by a widows walk. It is finished in clapboard siding, and has an ell extending to the rear that joins it to a carriage house. The east-facing front has a broad single-story porch, supported by paired square posts, extending across the front and along the south side, ending in a porte-cochere. A large hooded dormer pierces the front roof-line, with a similarly-styled dormer to the south. Most of the windows in the house are diamond-paned, either casement or sash windows. Its interiors are richly crafted, with Tiffany glass in the cabinets, and handcrafted stone fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1916-17 by John McElwain, one of the countys most successful and prosperous farmers, and included all sorts of amenities more typical for Maines even more elaborate coastal summer houses. The McElwains were a significant social force in the area, hosting parties and other events at the house. Their fortunes declined with the advent of the Great Depression, and they converted the grand ballroom to guest rooms to make ends meet. Since 1973 the house has been used as the headquarters of the Northern Maine Development Commission, which has carefully maintained its interior and exterior.</p><br>
<p>The Wieseck is a river in Hesse, Germany.</p><br>
<p>It is a left tributary of the Lahn in the Vorderer Vogelsberg region. It rises in Saasen and after 24.3 kilometres, flows into the Lahn at Giessen, near the railway station. The Giessen suburb of Wieseck is named after the river.</p><br>
<h2>Natural geography and use</h2><br>
<p>The Wieseck valley roughly forms the southern boundary of the Lumda Plateau, the central plateau of the Vorderer Vogelsberg.</p><br>
<p>The Wieseck meadows between Großen-Buseck and the centre of Giessen are a popular recreation area for the people of Giessen.</p><br>
<h2>Water quality</h2><br>
<p>The saprobic index in the middle reaches of the Wieseck (at Großen-Buseck) is 1.77 which is considered "good" according to the WFD standards. In the lower reaches, within the urban area, it is 2.34, which is classified as "moderate".</p><br>
<p>The structural condition, however, should be classified as "poor". Morphologically, large sections of the Wieseck are seriously impaired. Almost 96% of the sections were "significantly distorted" or worse. Only about 4% were classified as having moderate levels of distortion or better, which is the target.</p><br>
<p>Several other indices calculated by evaluating the colonization of the Wieseck with aquatic organisms (macrobenthos), confirm this poor condition.</p><br>
<p>These values, which indicate structural impairment of the river, show that the middle reaches of the Wieseck at Großen- -Buseck are "unsatisfactory", and the lower reaches in the urban area are "poor".</p><br>
<p>Thus, on the basis of the WFD, which requires a "good ecological condition" by 2015, action is necessary to improve the condition of the river. Such action is envisaged in the coming years.</p><br>
<p>It is a river in Hesse, Germany, that measures 6.7 kilometers in length and is part of the Rhine river system.</p><br>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2><br>
<p>Mühlbach</p><br>
<p>Auerbach</p><br>
<p>Ziegelbach</p><br>
<p>References</p><br>
<p>Links</p><br>
<h2>Mühlbach</h2><br>
<p>The Auer is reinforced in its course by ten further tributaries and flows through the Bensheim district of Hochstädten, past the Marionite factory and the through the Mühltal towards Bensheim-Auerbach. In the Mühltal there were (in the past) seven mills, which were powered by the water of the Auer. This is why the brook, in the Volksmund, is also called Mühlbach. The village mill in the village center is now a wine cellar, another mill is now a nursing home, another mill is now a studio and residential house of an artist based in Auerbach. The other four mills (Kadels, Wiemers, Mößingers and Jungmühle) are used as residential houses.</p><br>
<p>To the north, the Auerberg mountain is on the border of Mühltal along with Auerbach castle – an old castle ruin – and south of the state capital Fürstenlager.</p><br>
<h2>Auerbach</h2><br>
<p>In the district of Bensheim-Auerbach, the Auer splits into two streams. The ever-recurring floods of the Bachgasse led to the construction of the largest part of the Auer in the 1980s. According to the model of the Freiburger Bächle, an always unchanged part of the Auer flows through the Bachgasse, through the old village of Auerbach, past numerous houses towards Bundesstraße 3 (Darmstädter Straße).</p><br>
<h2>Ziegelbach</h2><br>
<p>After the two streams have been brought together, the Auer crosses the federal road (underground) and flows towards the Auerbach station. Since around 1850 there is a brick and porcelain factory, called Ziegelbach.</p><br>
<p>After crossing the railway line Darmstadt-Heidelberg, it flows (after approximately 1 km) into the Bensheim, before it turns into the Winkelbach river, which flows at Gernsheim in the Rhine.</p><br>
<p>The total length of the Auer from the source to the mouth is 6.7 km.</p><br>
<p>The Dadau is a tributary of the river Hunte. For most of its upper course it forms the boundary between the districts of Diepholz and Vechta and for a shorter distance along its lower reaches it forms the boundary between the town of Diepholz and the collective municipality of Barnstorf.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The 16.6-kilometre-long Dadau has its source in the Diepholz Moor Depression in the Südlohn Moor near the town of Lohne. Then it flows northwards between the Südlohn and Brägel Moors to the west and the Aschen Moor to the east and then turns to head east at the boundary between Lohne and Vechta on its left bank. Beyond the B 69 federal road, the Dadau flows in an easterly, and sometimes south-easterly, direction. In its final section it runs through (upstream its right bank belongs to Diepholz) the municipal area of Drebber. The Dadau joins the Hunte a few metres east of the B 51 in Cornau, a part of Drebber. The Hunte carries on flowing northwards towards Oldenburg. Between the Hunte and the Dadau is Deckau, also a part of Drebber.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the towns of Vechta and Diepholz as well as the municipal area of Drebber decided to align their boundaries with the current route of the Dadau. In 2004, the administrative districts which would have been affected, agreed to this change of their borders. Altogether Diepholz was increased in size by 0.8323 ha (8323sq mi) at Vechta&#39;s expense.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>Near the mouth of the Dadau, the water castle of Cornau, the castle of the district Diepholz as part of the Holy Roman Empire, was located between the Dadau and the Hunte, from where the area was ruled up until the castle in Diepholz was constructed. There was a moat to the west of the castle Cornau, which closed the gap between Dadau and Hunte. The rest of the moat was filled up in 1962. The castle has been falling into ruin since the 15th century. Until 1751 its remains were removed.</p><br>
<p>The Dadau has since Reformation Times been marking the border of areas with a predominantly Roman Catholic population from other areas with a predominantly Evangelical, Lutheran population. To the west of this border lay the Niederstift Münster, the Free State of Oldenburg with the region of Oldenburger Münsterland as well as the Regierungsbezirk Weser-Ems in Lower Saxony. To the east of the border is the district of Diepholz, The Kingdom of Hanover, The Kingdom of Prussia as well as the Regierungsbezirk Hannover in Lower Saxony.</p><br>
<h2>Nature reserves</h2><br>
<p>The Dadau cross and borders the nature reserves of Südlohner Moor, Aschener Moor/Heeder Moor, Boller Moor and Lange Lohe, it touches the natural reserve of Drebbersches Moor.</p><br>
<h2>Water quality</h2><br>
<p>In 2004 the Dadaus and adjacent streams water quality were valued negatively by qualified public authorities in Lower Saxony: "The organically and sand-filled lowland streams of the western Duemmer&#39;s depression were graded as moderate to unsatisfactory. Fastidious organisms, who could indicate a good condition, were hard to find. A relatively high amount of moors were run through. Due to mostly intensive drainage of the moor areas, the waters are more or less influenced by swamp water. The released swamp-like substances from humans have led to high organic charges of the waters. Iron and nutrients have been released to a considerable extent and have led to eutrophication of consumptive oxide degradation processes and sapropel formations. This process will be benefited by minor shading and reducing the flow rate through jams and pipe colverts."</p><br>
<p>The "Integrated rural development concept" (ILEK) Vechta/Central-South provides a revitalisation, the "Integrated urban development concept (ISEK) of Lohne a renaturation of the Dadau.</p><br>
<p>Espolde is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Espolde originates in the eastern foothills of the low mountain range Solling. Its source is located just north of the village Espol at about 311 m above sea level. NN.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of Espolde, following the descent of the Solling, south-east-easterly direction between the Solling in the west and the Wee-Wee in the east, through Üssinghausen and Trögen (both to Hardegsen) flowing along the southeast edge of Solling-Vogler Nature Park. It is aimed at the core city of Hardegsen, which has been reached after crossing the Sollingbahn, where it changes its flow direction to the east southeast. From here, the river runs parallel to Bundesstraße 241, which crosses it, and then to Bundesstraße 446. It passes through Hevensen (to Hardegsen) and Wolbrechtshausen (to Nörten-Hardenberg) and crosses the federal highway 7 below Lütgenrode (to Nörten-Hardenberg).</p><br>
<p>The Espolde enters the trench of the dugout in order to reach a height of about 126 m above sea level. NN into the lead; Opposite its mouth - beyond the Leine and Bundesstrasse 3 - Marienstein (to Nörten-Hardenberg).</p><br>
<p>Bela Crkva lakes  is a group of six larger and several smaller artificial lakes near the town of Bela Crkva, in the southern Banat region in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Deep pits emerged as a result of gravel exploitation, and were subsequently filled by aquifers and rainfall. With clean and unpolluted water suitable for bathing, they are a popular travel destination.</p><br>
<h2>Lakes</h2><br>
<p>The lakes occupy the total area of 150 hectare. Larger ones include:</p><br>
<p>* The Main lake (Glavno jezero) or the City lake (Gradsko jezero) is situated closest to the town centre. It is the best equipped, and has several pebbly beaches, restaurants and paved paths.</p><br>
<p>* Vračev Gaj lake (Vračevgajsko jezero) lies further down the road towards the village of Vračev Gaj. It has a camp site with 200 camping spots, some bungalows and a pebbly beach.</p><br>
<p>* Gravel pit (Šljunkara) is the largest lake, with a large beach and an island.</p><br>
<p>* Carp lake (Šaransko jezero) has a crystal clear water, is not developed for swimming and is a good destination for fishing.</p><br>
<p>* New lake (Novo jezero) is the farthest from the town.</p><br>
<p>* Small lake (Malo jezero)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Exploitation of gravel in the area started in 1904. First, it was dug out manually and transported by horse carts, and then the process was taken over by excavators and railway transport. The gravel was used for roads and river embankments. Industrial excavation began c.1948 and since then the pits were mostly created. The gravel is still excavated only on the New lake.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>During summer, there are up to 5,000 visitors on the lakes&#39; shores. Many cultural, entertainment and sports festivities are being held throughout the season. They include "Carneval of the flowers" and "Bela Crkva&#39;s apple picking".</p><br>
<p>The lakes are especially popular among fishermen. In 1957, a wels catfish, which was 2.5 m long and weighted 70 kg was caught in the Main lake. In 1988 a story another massive catfish in the lake was published for the first time. It was named "Besi", an acronym of Bela Crkva and Nesi, Serbian rendering of the name Nessie, the Loch Ness Monster. Ever since, a yearly tournament titled "Hunt on Besi" is held. It is estimated that by 2008 Besi has grown to</p><br>
<p>150 kg. Catfishes of 30 kg are commonly caught in the lakes.</p><br>
<p>The Dizzard  is an area, in the civil parish of St Gennys, Cornwall, containing five farms . On the coast is Dizzard Point, and the unique, dwarf oak, Dizzard Wood, which is of international importance for its lichen communities.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Dizard is between the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the valley and cove of Crackington Haven to the west and the Millook woods and valley to the east. There are five named farms or (former farms); Dizzard Farm, East Dizzard, Higher Dizzard, Old Dizzard and West Dizzard. Surrounding Dizzard Point are the stunted oaks of the Dizzard Woodland. There are a number of designations for the Dizzard cliffs, including part of the Widemouth to Crackington Geological Conservation Review site, within the Boscastle to Widemouth SSSI, and the Pentire Point to Widemouth, Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and Heritage Coast.</p><br>
<h3>Access</h3><br>
<p>The Atlantic Highway is two miles to the east and a minor road from Wainhouse Corner to Millook passes through the Dizzard. The minor road is also part of National Cycle Route 3. The South West Coast Path, which follows the coast of south-west England from Somerset to Dorset and passes above the wood and along the top of the cliff.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife and ecology</h2><br>
<p>A stunted woodland grows on a landslip from the top of the cliff (400 feet) down to sea-level. Exposure to salt-laden winds has resulted in a tight wind-pruned canopy with trees from 1 to 8 metre high. Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) is the dominant species with pedunculate oak (Q. robur), birch (Betula spp), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and a few wild-service trees (Sorbus torminalis). Many of the trees are swathed in lichens and moss with 131 species of lichen recorded and there are a number of species that are largely confined to a few north Cornwall and Devon sites. One hundred and twenty flowering plants have been found including, bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), dogs mercury (Mercurialis perennis), heath pearlwort (Sagina subulata), primrose (Primula vulgaris), sanicle (Sanicula europaea), sheeps sorrel (Rumex acetosella), small bristle club rush (Isolepis setacea), wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), wood garlic (Allium ursinum) and wood vetch (Vicia sylvatica). Damp areas are dominated by bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), cow-wheat (Melampyrum pratense), tufted hair-grass (Deschampsia cespitosa) and the ferns broad buckler fern (Dryopteris dilatata) and royal fern (Osmunda regalis) are abundant. The hay-scented buckler-fern (Dryopteris aemula) is of interest. There was a heronry here in the first decades of the 20th-century.</p><br>
<h3>Lichens</h3><br>
<p>There is a rich Lobaria community including tree lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria) which grow on the oaks. A number of species are confined to north Cornwall and Devon, these include Bombyliospora pachycarpa, Graphina ruziana, Lecidea carollii, Melaspilea ochrothalamia, Pannaria rubiginosa, Parmeliellia atlantica and Parmeliellia plumbea. Other notable lichens include the blue-grey Stricta limbata and the yellow-orange Pseudocyphellaria crocata.</p><br>
<p>The Qinhuai River  is a tributary river of Yangtze River with a total length of 110 km. It runs through central Nanjing and is the birthplace of the traditional Nanjing culture. As such, its called "Nanjings mother river". It is the "life blood" of the city. The Qinhuai River is divided into inner and outer rivers.</p><br>
<p>Today, the scenic belt along the Qinhuai River develops with the Confucius Temple at the center and the river serving as a bond. The belt featuring attractions like Zhanyuan Garden, the Confucius Temple, Egret Islet, China Gate as well as the sailing boats in the river and pavilions and towers on the riverbanks is a blend of historic sites, gardens, barges, streets, pavilions, towers and folk culture and customs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Qinhuai River, a branch of the mighty Yangtze River has nursed the rich civilization of the region. The inner river of the river once was the red-light district famous throughout the nation in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Painted boats with red lanterns once shuttled to and from, heavily made-up, gifted alms all became historical things. A busy colorful bazaar has gradually taken shape here. Now the flourishing riverside area can be compared to the Nanjing Road of Shanghai and some do call it the "Mini Nanjing Road". Small shops, stores, restaurants and bars cluster the area. One can find everything here ranging from colorful trinkets to local specialties. At night the whole area is lit up with colorful lights thus creating a very impressive scene. A lively street market is set up in the area and both locals and tourists take part in the bargain hunt. Taking a leisurely stroll along the riverside, seeing the Chinese vendors doing their business or boarding colorfully decorated boats on the ancient river could be a memorable experience.</p><br>
<p>The most prominent part of Qinhuai River Scenic area in history is famous as a residential area of Qin Huai Ba Yan,(秦淮八艳, Eight beauties of Qinhuai River),actually eight beautiful ladies with a lower social status but a great patriotic sense. They were firstly written into a book named Banqiao Zaji(板桥杂记) by Yu Huai(余怀). They respectively were Gu Hengbo(顾横波), Dong Xiaowan, Bian Yujing(卞玉京), Li Xiangjun, Kou Baimen(寇白门), Ma Xianglan(马湘兰), Liu Rushi and Chen Yuanyuan. Most of them experienced the transition of dynasties and the turmoil of society. They lived in the lowest class of society with the strongest sense of patriotism. They were quite talented in painting and poem composition, but most of their works were lost. Straightforwardly, they were prostitutes and singers, but their heart and spirit were pure absolutely. Their love stories were also romantic and historically influential. In folk china, they were respected widely.</p><br>
<p>During the Nanjing Massacre in 1937, Qinghai River was filled with tens of thousands of bodies, and was reddened. Many Chinese folk musics about the massacre have details about the river at the time.</p><br>
<h2>Sightseeing</h2><br>
<p>This place is very popular with the locals and many see or buy their items here, or they just hang out around the area. Many foreigners find it a good place to taste the local cuisine. The many snack stalls dotted within the area offer a range of food: (baozi) steamed buns-stuffed with pork, and other delicate fillings, Bawei Dawei Doufunao (eight-flavored jellied bean curd pastries) roasted beef, salty duck, animal stomach, chicken feet (phoenix feet) and much more.</p><br>
<p>The former residence of famed courtesan Li Xiangjun is located along the Qinhuai River and is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Ka&#39;am, Wadi Caam or Wadi Ka&#39;am  is a small river in Tripolitana, site of a failed Greek attempt to build a city under the leadership of Dorieus.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>The source of the river are in the 80 km long Wadi Taraglat but they are all located at the coastal end of the Wadi in a part of the Wadi called Wadi Caam, whereas Herodotus had erroneously claimed that the source was near the Hill of Graces some 260 km inland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The springs in Wadi Caam were the source of the water used in the Hadrianic baths of Leptis Magna with the water diversion scheme using the aqueduct built by Quintus Servillius Candidus in 119-120A.D.</p><br>
<p>The Greeks under Dorieus of Sparta who was said to be angry because Cleomenes was chosen to be king of Sparta ahead of him left the Peloponnese to found his own colony He chose to found his colony at the mouth of the Cinyps. After three years, around 515B.C. they were expelled by the Carthaginians from Leptis Magna, in alliance with local Libyan tribes. It was said to be the home of the Libyan tribe of the Macae, who were used as mercenaries by the Carthaginians.</p><br>
<p>In Greek mythology one of the combatants in the Trojan War, Guneus and went to Libya after the war where he settled near the Cinyps River, although other myths have Guneus drowning at sea.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists have uncovered a Greek necropolis in Wadi Caam which dates to the 3rd century BC, it consists of a series of stone, box-shaped urns with the lids in the shape of a sloping roof and containing ashes and bones, as well as various types of ceramics.</p><br>
<p>The Col de Latrape  is a mountain pass in the French Pyrenees in the department of Ariège, between the communities of Aulus-les-Bains  and Ustou .</p><br>
<h2>Details of climb</h2><br>
<p>Starting from Aulus-les-Bains, the climb is 5.0 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 368 m (an average gradient of 7.4%), with the steepest sections being at 10.0%.</p><br>
<p>Starting from Sérac d&#39;Ustou, the climb is 5.9 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 424 m (an average gradient of 7.2%), with the steepest section being at 14.7%.</p><br>
<h2>Appearances in Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The Col de Latrape was first used in the Tour de France in 1956, since when it has featured seven times, most recently in 2011, when the leader over the summit was Sandy Casar.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, also known simply as St. John’s Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral in Boise, Idaho, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Boise, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Catholic church in Boise was dedicated on Christmas Eve 1870, but was destroyed in a fire 18 days later. Another frame structure was built that would serve as the cathedral of the Vicariate Apostolic of Idaho, established March 5, 1883, and the Diocese of Boise after it was established on August 25, 1893. It was located on the northwest corner of Ninth and Bannock Streets. As the city grew, a larger cathedral was needed and Bishop Alphonse Glorieux purchased property bounded by Fort, Hays, Eighth, and Ninth Streets. He laid the cornerstone for the present cathedral in 1906. So as not to be a financial drain on the parish, the church building was built in stages. After the lower level was completed the parish worshiped there. The walls and roof were completed in 1912, and the cathedral was completed in 1921 during the episcopate of Bishop Daniel Gorman, who dedicated it on March 27, Easter Sunday.</p><br>
<p>St. John’s Cathedral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as a part of the Tourtellotte and Hummel Architecture Thematic Resource. The rest of the buildings on the block were added to the National Register in 1982 and are listed as St. John&#39;s Cathedral Block.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. John’s Cathedral was designed by one of the first architectural firms to work in Boise, Tourtellotte and Hummel. Built in the Romanesque Revival style, it was modeled after the Cathedral of Mainz in western Germany. The exterior is Boise Sandstone, quarried just above the city at Table Rock. The building is cruciform in shape and measures 170 ft from front to back, 95 ft at the transepts and 65 ft in the nave.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed to have two towers topped with spires flanking the main façade, but they have not been completed. A rose window graces the front of the church and the center gable above the main entrance features a statue of St. John the Evangelist on its peak. Corbeling, a continuous band of small projecting arches, encircles the building at the roofline.</p><br>
<p>The stained glass windows in the nave depict scenes from the life of Christ. The large window in the north transept depicts the Adoration of the Magi, flanked by windows portraying St. Alphonsus Ligouri and St. Theresa of Avila. The south transept window depicts the Ascension and is flanked by windows portraying St. Patrick and St. Rita. The windows in the sanctuary depict St. Joseph on the north and the Blessed Virgin Mary on the south. In the apse are windows portraying the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary. They are flanked by windows portraying the Four Evangelists. The windows were installed in 1920, except the window portraying the Holy Spirit in the center of the apse, which was installed in 1979. St. Cecilia is depicted in the window above the pipe organ.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration and Remodel</h3><br>
<p>The interior of the church had a major cleaning in 1952 and In 1960, another remodeling plan took place and the parish decided to continue to work with the Hummel family, hiring Charles Hummel’s grandson, who was named Charles after his grandfather. Charles Hummel Jr. also worked on the 1979 restoration, focusing on four main ideas. He wanted to restore all the stained glass windows that illustrate the stories of the saints, create more seating for the different groups of people who would come to the cathedral for ceremonies, celebrations, and worship, renew the canvas accents and designs in the interior, and bring in tasteful modern lighting fixtures which accented the classic renaissance look but accommodated to the needs of the citizens. To accomplish such ideas, Hummel had to make some radical changes to the Cathedral’s interior. He also made sure important architectural details were not changed during the remodel. These details include the decorative gargoyles that metaphorically hold the weight of the church on their backs as a punishment for their sins, and the windows he restored.</p><br>
<p>To celebrate the church’s centennial, Rob Thorton took on the job of remodeling the downstairs chapel. Not wanting to tread on the shoes of Hummel’s original artistry, Thorton worked with him on the project. He took the plaster off the walls to expose the stone beneath, but kept a section of the wood paneling that Hummel added in 1979. Thorton also added a dome-shaped hole in the ceiling of the chapel. Thorton not only worked on the chapel in the lower level, but on the reception hall as well. He took out the brown carpeting, exposed the stone on the walls, and created more space. The baptismal font was redesigned as a pool and the former font was repurposed as an ambry to hold the holy oils. A reservation altar for the tabernacle was created in the south transept. The canopy was from the former high altar. St John’s received an Orchid Award in 1981 from the Idaho Historic Preservation Council for outstanding work in restoration.</p><br>
<p>La Hourquette d&#39;Ancizan  is a mountain pass in the French Pyrenees in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, between the communities of Ancizan  and Campan .</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>The word "Hourquette" is derived from the Gascon word "hurketɵ" meaning "farm". Or, according to French Wikipedia, the Gascon word comes from the Latin furca meaning a fork.</p><br>
<h2>Details of climb</h2><br>
<p>Starting from Ancizan, the climb is 10.3 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 805 m (an average of 7.8%). After Ancizan, the road goes up sharply, with stretches of 15% in the first kilometre, but after the first 3 km, the climb becomes more moderate.</p><br>
<p>Starting from Campan, the climb is 22.6 km long. Over this distance, the climb is 904 m (an average of 4.0%), with the steepest section being at 10.0%.</p><br>
<p>On both sides of the climb mountain pass cycling milestones are placed every kilometre. They indicate the height of the summit, the distance to the summit, the current height, and the average slope in the following kilometre. Such signposting for cyclists has become common in most major mountain passes in the French Pyrenees and Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Appearances in Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>La Hourquette d&#39;Ancizan was first used in the Tour de France on stage 12 of the 2011 tour, when the leader over the summit was Laurent Mangel.</p><br>
<p>The climb was also used in the 2013 tour on the 168.5 km "roller-coaster" stage 9 from Saint-Girons to Bagnères-de-Bigorre. Dan Martin from Garmin-Sharp won the stage.</p><br>
<p>The John M. and Lottie D. Moore House is at 406 S. Fifth Street, in Richmond, Fort Bend County, in the USA state of Texas. It is currently part of the Fort Bend Museum complex. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fort Bend County, Texas in 2001, and became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>John and Lottie house</h2><br>
<p>The home was built by John M. Moore (1862–1940) and his wife Lottie Dyer Moore (1865–1924) in 1883, the year they married. John Moore became Secretary of State of Texas in 1886, later serving in both the Texas House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives. Lottie&#39;s father J. Foster Dyer, who died a year before the wedding, was a wealthy rancher in Fort Bend County. Her maternal grandmother Nancy Gray Spencer Barnett was among the original colonists who came to Texas with Stephen F. Austin. In 1824, Austin granted Barnett land in Fort Bend County. Lottie inherited acreage from the original grant her grandmother received. From her grandfather Thomas Barnett, Lottie inherited the cattle on the ranch.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed in 1883 by Thomas Culshaw, as a four-bedroom, two-story Victorian mansion with a center tower and cupola. The First Baptist Church of Richmond was founded in the Moore house, which served as its original meeting location. In 1889, the church moved to its own building. C.H. Page and Brothers of Austin designed the 1905 Classical Revival remodel of the house and connecting property. It was during this remodel that the heating system of the house was converted to seven coal-burning fireplaces. The front facade was remodeled in the Classic Revival porch and columns which now exist on the house. Interior improvements included new hardwood flooring, room expansions, front entry stairway, and a dining room remodel. The grape arbor and gazebo were constructed during this period.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>Lottie Moore died in 1924, and John M. Moore died in 1940. The house was passed down through successive heirs until 1975, when the last family member died. The house and property was then deeded over to the (formerly the Fort Bend County Museum Association) and is currently a part of the Fort Bend Museum complex. The association has upgraded the home to bring it up to code in accordance with state and local requirements.</p><br>
<p>The Amazeen House is an historic house at 15 Weeks Street in Houlton, Maine, United States. This imposing 2-1/2 story Italianate house was built c. 1882 as a speculative venture, probably intended for use as a hotel, based on the projected route of the New Brunswick Railway. It is one of Houlton&#39;s most impressive 19th-century houses, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in September 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Amazeen House is located in a residential area near Houlton&#39;s central business district, surrounded by early 20th-century houses. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure with a steeply-pitched gable roof. The main facade, facing north, is three bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by two-story polygonal window bays. The wall of this facade is flushboarded, while other facades are finished in clapboards and novelty siding. The front is covered by a three-story porch, with square posts and balustrade. A second porch, just one story in height covers part of the rear and features Italianate brackets; part of this porch has been enclosed. A large 2-1/2 story carriage barn is connected to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1882 as a speculative venture by Stephen D. Amazeen, in the anticipation that the New Brunswick Railway might extend service in the direction of its location, and locate a station and junction there. This extension was never built, and the building has always seen residential use, first as a home for the Amazeens, and later as multi-unit housing.</p><br>
<p>The Edward L. Cleveland House is an historic house at 87 Court Street in Houlton, Maine. A distinctive local example of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architecture, it was built in 1902 by Edward L. Cleveland, one of Aroostook County&#39;s largest dealers in potatoes, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cleveland House is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, set on a brick foundation on a large grassy lot at the corner of Court and Columbia Streets. It has the asymmetrical massing typical of Queen Anne Victorians, with a conical turret at the southeast corner, and a porch that wraps around the east and north sides. Stylistically the porch is more Colonial Revival in character, with grouped Ionic columns supporting a roof that extends to a gable end at the north. The main (east-facing) facade is three bays wide, with the turret occupying the left bay, and the entrance at the center, with a projecting enclosed porch above that has a segmented-arch roof line and a pair of round-arch windows. The interior of the house features high quality period woodwork.</p><br>
<p>Edward L. Cleveland was born in Camden, Maine, and first operated a merchant business based in Boston, Massachusetts. C. 1878 he moved to Houlton, where he established a potato shipping firm that rapidly became one of the largest in Aroostook County, whose economy was then dominated by that crop. By 1908 Cleveland had warehouse capacity for 500,000 bushels, and was shipping potatoes throughout the eastern United States. He was also politically active, serving in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 the center of Houlton was devastated by a large fire, which consumed not only much of its business district but some of the surrounding residential areas as well. Cleveland&#39;s house was among those lost in the fire, and he soon afterward acquired the land to build the present house. The architect is not known. It remained his home until his death in 1939. It was sold out of the family by his daughter in 1960.</p><br>
<p>Walter P. Mansur House is an historic house at 10 Water Street in Houlton, Maine. Built in 1880, it is the most architecturally sophisticated Second Empire building in northern Maine. It was built for Walter P. Mansur, a prominent local businessman and banker. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in February 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Mansur House is set on the west side of Water Street, just north of Houlton&#39;s central business district, Market Square. It is a rambling 2-1/2 story wood frame structure with a rectangular main block and a 1-1/2 story rear ell that joins it to a carriage house. The main facade is three bays wide, with the left bay projecting forward and the right bays sheltered by a single-story porch supported by turned columns. The left bay corners are quoined on the first floor (as is the corner at the far right of the facade), with two stories of polygonal bay windows rising to the mansard roof. The first floor bay window has a bracketed cornice, a more elaborate version of cornices that top windows on the first floor left facade. The entire roof line is studded with double brackets. The projecting section is topped by a pyramidal roof formation above the mansard. The entire main block is finished in flushboarding.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1880 for Walter P. Mansur, who was in 1881 named president of the First National Bank of Houlton, and also served as president of the local water company. Mansur lived here until his death in 1900, and his widow sold the property in 1911 to the Roman Catholic parish of St. Marys. At the time of the propertys listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, it was used by the parish as a school and convent. As of 2015, it is occupied by the Bowers Funeral Home.</p><br>
<p>The Goose Creek Historic District is a rural landscape in the Goose Creek valley of Loudoun County, Virginia. The district covers about 10,000 acre south of Hamilton and Purcellville and includes the village of Lincoln. The majority of the district is farmland, with areas of forest along Hogback Mountain. The area was settled by Quakers in the mid-18th century, represented by simple houses and the Goose Creek Meetinghouse Complex in Lincoln, separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places. About 270 buildings lie within the district. The district includes 44 stone buildings, reflecting the popularity of this material in the 18th and 19th centuries in this area. Many houses have outbuildings and barns built in a manner complementary to the dwellings. By the mid-19th century, materials turned to brick, with the Glebe of Shelburne Parish an NRHP-listed example of a brick Federal style house, as well as the Israel Janney House.</p><br>
<p>The Goose Creek Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area comprises over 20 small, rocky islands scattered both within, and in the vicinity of, the mouth of Port Davey, an inlet on the south-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. They all lie within the Southwest National Park and are important for breeding seabirds.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The sparsely vegetated islands, with a collective area of 163 ha, have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because together they support over 1% of the world populations of short-tailed shearwaters (c. 950,000 breeding pairs), fairy prions (c. 27,000 breeding pairs), little penguins (c. 16,500 breeding pairs) and black-faced cormorants (up to 230 breeding pairs). Pacific gulls and sooty oystercatchers also nest in the islands.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>* Breaksea Islands</p><br>
<p>* Kathleen Island</p><br>
<p>* Mavourneen Rocks</p><br>
<p>* Big Caroline Rock</p><br>
<p>* Swainson Island</p><br>
<p>* Hay Island</p><br>
<p>* Shanks Islands</p><br>
<p>* Lourah Island</p><br>
<p>* South East Mutton Bird Islet</p><br>
<p>* South West Mutton Bird Islet</p><br>
<p>* Mutton Bird Island</p><br>
<p>* Sugarmouse Island</p><br>
<p>* East Pyramids</p><br>
<p>* Sugarloaf Rock</p><br>
<p>* Wendar Island</p><br>
<p>* Wild Wind Islets</p><br>
<p>* The Coffee Pot</p><br>
<p>* West Pyramid</p><br>
<p>* Trumpeter Islets</p><br>
<p>* Hobbs Island</p><br>
<p>The Rock of Vergisson is a limestone peak in Saône-et-Loire, France.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Rock of Vergisson is a sharp escarpment located in the commune of Vergisson in Saône-et-Loire, in the south of Bourgogne. It is less than 2 km as the crow flies from the Rock of Solutré. It is 485 metres high, about 8 metres shorter than its neighbour.</p><br>
<h3>Geology and History</h3><br>
<p>The Rock of Vergisson has the same geological origins as the Rock of Solutré: a coral plateau from the Mesozoic era, raised and tilted from the east during the Cenozoic era, and exposed by differential erosion.</p><br>
<p>During prehistoric times, the rock was a site of habitation, while the neighboring Rock of Solutré was a hunting site.</p><br>
<h2>Activity</h2><br>
<h3>Viticulture</h3><br>
<p>Vineyards enclosed by dry stone walls (French: murgers) can be found on the slopes of the rock, producing wines of the Pouilly-Fuissé and Mâcon-Vergisson denominations.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental protection</h3><br>
<p>The area including the Rocks of Solutré and Vergisson and Mont Pouilly has been classified as a site naturel et rural since 1955.</p><br>
<h3>Sport</h3><br>
<p>The limestone cliffs of the rocks are, along with the cliff at Remigny, one of the two most important sights for climbing in the departement, with more than 97 identified routes. Every year, the Randonnée des deux Roches (walk of the two rocks) takes place, which runs from Solutré to Vergisson. In 1992, François Mitterrand decided to climb the Rock of Vergisson to escape from journalists.</p><br>
<p>The rocks of Solutré and Vergisson were described by Alphonse de Lamartine as deux navires pétrifiés surplombant une mer de vignes (two petrified ships overlooking a sea of vineyards).</p><br>
<p>The Burchfield Homestead was the boyhood home of Charles E. Burchfield. It is located in Salem, Ohio and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Charles Burchfield was noted for his paintings of scenes in and around this home. Art historian Henry Adams, curator of American Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art, called the house “a building of extraordinary significance.”</p><br>
<h2>Charles E. Burchfield</h2><br>
<p>Charles Burchfield grew up in Salem, Ohio and is considered one of America&#39;s premier watercolorists. He moved to upstate New York where his career and reputation as an artist flourished. The neighborhood and home in Salem where he was raised have not significantly changed since Burchfield lived there. The inspiration for many of his works were the scenes visible from the windows of the home.</p><br>
<h2>Burchfield Homestead Museum</h2><br>
<p>In August 1999, the Burchfield Museum opened after years of fund-raising and construction to restore Burchfield&#39;s home.</p><br>
<p>The Burchfield Museum was placed on the National Register of Historical Places in April 1999.</p><br>
<p>Waverly is a mansion in Leesburg, Virginia that was built for Robert Townley Hempstone  about 1890. The turreted frame house combines the Queen Anne style with elements of Colonial Revival architecture. Hempstone, a Baltimore businessman, retired to the property that was then on the southern outskirts of Leesburg. The house was built by John Norris and Sons, who were responsible for many prominent houses, churches and commercial structures in Leesburg. Norris son, Lemuel Watson Norris, became an architect in Washington, D.C. and designed projects for his fathers firm.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Described as "opulent," the 2-1/2 story house is arranged with a square main section to the front, with a rear service wing. The front, on the west side of the house, is sheltered by a full-width single-story porch that wraps partway around the north and south sides. The main entry is a pair of doors with a fanlight transom. The interior features a center hall plan with a monumental stair offset to one side. The stair features a stained glass Palladian window on the landing between the first and second floors. The expansive central hall is flanked by drawing rooms, a dining room, and a smaller parlor. The rear wing houses service areas with servant quarters on the second floor. The main house is isolated from the servants&#39; quarters on the second floor. A turret on the attic level is the only finished room on the third floor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hempstone died in 1913. After several owners, the house became a restaurant in the 1950s, then a private school in the 1970s. The house was restored in the 1980s. Following a fire, Waverly was again restored in 1995 and is the main feature of an office center. Waverly is itself used for offices.</p><br>
<p>The Clark–Taylor House is a historic building located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has also been known as the T. N. Taylor Home. One of the oldest pioneer buildings in the state, the Clark–Taylor House was built around 1854. Thomas N. Taylor, a Provo Mayor, LDS bishop, and stake president, along with being a chairman of the Board of Trustees of BYU, lived in this home. The Clark–Taylor House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on March 7, 1996.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>Still sturdy, the Clark–Taylor House is “Built in two sections, the two-story western section is a rectangular, gabled roof, single depth, 2/2 “I-form” structure. The eastern section has one story with a large attic. It is situated laterally with respect to the western section and has a broad gabled end (Hinckley/ Roberts p. 2).” The Clark–Taylor House is one of the rare examples of a home still in reasonably good condition marking the time of the arrival of the pioneers coming to Provo in 1847.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>The first mentioning of the Clark–Taylor House is found in a consecration deed by Edward W. Clark to Brigham Young on July 24, 1855. The deed gives up ownership to the property to the church. Built just after the pioneers settled in Provo, the Clark home is one of the oldest pioneer structures in the state of Utah. Edward Clark relocated from England to Provo in the year 1852. An influential man, Clark eventually became bishop of the Provo Third Ward, a war veteran, and director of the Utah County branch of the Agricultural and Manufacturing Company.</p><br>
<p>After Clark the home passed to John H. Carter, an alderman and a blacksmith who had served as Clark’s counselor in his capacity as a bishop for the LDS Church. In the 1870s, after adding a second story to the home in 1863, Carter relinquished the home to Benjamin Bachman, in exchange for 85 acres of land. George H. Church attained the property in 1897, and in turn sold it to Thomas N. Taylor in 1898. Taylor bestowed the home upon his son, T. Sterling, as a wedding present in the year 1915. The house remains in the family to this day.</p><br>
<h3>Thomas N. Taylor</h3><br>
<p>Thomas N. Taylor was born in 1868 in Provo, Utah, the son of George Taylor Sr. and Eliza Nicholls Taylor. His father, George Taylor Sr., had founded the Taylor furniture store in 1866, which was the first furniture store in Provo. The company continued to grow, and eventually became incorporated as Taylor Brothers furniture in Provo. Thomas&#39; education consisted of attending Provo schools and eventually Brigham Young Academy (now university). He married Maud Rogers in the L.D.S. Manti temple in the year 1889. Thomas was a political man. He was mayor of Provo from 1900 to 1903, and a candidate for governor of Utah as a democrat in 1920, although he did not win the election.</p><br>
<p>Thomas was also active in his religion. A prominent member of the L.D.S. faith, Taylor served as bishop of the Provo Third Ward for nineteen years and subsequently served as president of the Utah Stake for twenty years. Taylor also served as a stake patriarch within the LDS church. Also active within the community, Thomas was a member of the board of trustees of Brigham Young University and served as chairman of that group and of the University of Utah Board of Regents. Taylor also helped to establish the Utah Valley Hospital. Thomas Taylor died in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The Red Brick School is an historic school building on Warren Street in Wiscasset, Maine. Built in 1807 as a subscription-funded secondary school, it served in that role until 1923. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in October 1970. It now houses an art gallery.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Red Brick School stands in a residential area northwest of Wiscasset&#39;s small commercial center, at the northeast corner of Warren and Hodge Streets. It is a two-story masonry structure, with brick walls, a hip roof topped by a cupola, and a foundation of fieldstone capped by granite slabs. The south-facing front wall is laid in Flemish bond, while the sides and rear are laid in common bond. The front is three bays wide, with windows set in segmented-arch openings topped by brick headers, and a center entrance set in a simple rectangular opening with a small square window to the left. The interior has retained some original finishes despite undergoing alterations for different uses in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now Wiscasset was settled in the 17th century, and was part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which mandated education for its inhabitants. The earliest known classes were held in the meeting house of Pownalborough, which Wiscasset was part of, and then in a district school house built in 1792. Since the district school only provided primary education, the present school building was constructed in 1807 by private subscription to provide secondary education. This private school operated until 1848, and another opened in the building in 1854, running until 1923. The building thereafter housed a local American Legion chapter, and served as a local polling place, before being converted into a studio and gallery space in 1958.</p><br>
<p>The Bluemont Historic District comprises the historic core of Bluemont, Virginia. The town is located on the eastern side of Snickers Gap, with the majority of the district fronting on the Snickersville Turnpike, also designated Virginia State Route 734. The district includes 43 buildings, of which 36 are houses, five are commercial structure, a church and a community center. The oldest structure in Bluemont is Clayton Hall , a large stone house. The Amos Clayton farm was located at the junction of Routes 734 and 760, now in the center of town. Relatively few pre-Civil War structures remain in Bluemont. Apart from Clayton Hall, the most significant is the Bluemont Methodist Church .</p><br>
<p>Most of the district&#39;s houses date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The completion of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad line in 1900 to Bluemont brought prosperity and growth to the town. Two hotels, the Loudoun House Hotel (1900) and the Blue Ridge Inn (1904), served summer visitors to the mountaintop town.</p><br>
<p>The Bluemont Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1984.</p><br>
<p>Benton, also known as Spring Hill, is a house in Loudoun County, Virginia, near Middleburg. The house was built by William Benton, a brickmaker and builder, around 1831. Benton had made a journey to Wales to collect an inheritance shortly after 1822 and there saw a house that he admired and wished to replicate on his own lands. He called the house "Spring Hill."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two-story house is a Federal style structure with five bays and a center hall. Wings of three bays flank the main block. The first floor windows have been altered from six-over-six sash windows to French windows with sills close to the floor. The main entrance features double doors with sidelights and a fanlight above, which are also twentieth century alterations. The present entry replaced a small portico. The center second floor window was probably changed at this time as well, along with the dormers on the wings. The rear elevation is closer to the original. The interior is one room deep with large rooms flanking the center hall, which contains the stairs. The interior woodwork is largely original and is noteworthy.</p><br>
<p>The house has several dependencies, including flanking outbuildings. The west dependency, called the "laundry house," is a 1-1/2 story brick building with two bays, a center chimney and an end chimney. The smaller east dependency may have been a smokehouse. The property features a large 33 ft by 110 ft brick barn of three stories, with an attached tenant house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Benton continued to work as a brickmaker and builder after the construction of the house, and was employed by James Madison among others. The Bentons retained the property until 1894, when it was purchased by Joshua Hatcher, who sold to Daniel Sands in 1908. Sands undertook renovations, established extensive gardens and changed the name to "Benton." Sands bought surrounding acreage and established a prominent horse farm on the property. The house and 13 acre were sold to Mr. and Mrs. James Nicklin in 1954, who sold to Mr. and Mrs. William T. Leith in 1961.</p><br>
<p>Benton was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Haining is a country house and estate in Selkirk in the Scottish Borders. The present house dates from the 1790s, and was a property of the Pringle family. In 2009, the house and grounds were bequeathed to the people of Selkirkshire and the wider public, and a charitable trust is now working on developing the building as a centre for exhibitions and events, highlighting art, culture and history. The ground floor of the House has been refurbished and is now let out for various events and functions. The Old Coach House and Stable outbuildings have been refurbished and now offers 6 brand new artists studios. A 2-bedroom holiday apartment is also now available within the ground available for booking via Visit Scotland.</p><br>
<p>The house is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A motte to the north-east of the present house is the site of Selkirk Castle, first recorded in 1119. It was rebuilt by Edward I of England in 1301, during the Wars of Scottish Independence, with Sir Alexander de Balliol of Cavers in command. It was taken by the Scots the following year, but recaptured by the English before 1311. By 1334 it had been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Haining is recorded in the 15th century as a property of the Scott family. In 1625 Lawrence Scott sold it to Andrew Riddell, of Riddell, who built up the estate in the 17th century. In 1701 the estate was bought by Andrew Pringle of Clifton for his second son John Pringle, a lawyer. The "old" house may have been commissioned by John Pringle, or it may have already been in place when he arrived. The designed landscape was begun by John, and extended during the 18th and 19th centuries, with extensive tree planting carried out.</p><br>
<p>In 1754 it was passed by Andrew Pringles older son to John Pringle, merchant in Madeira, a younger brother of Andrew. It was passed in 1792 to the merchants great nephew Mark Pringle. In 1794, Mark began construction of a new classical-style house, adjacent to the older house on the north shore of the loch. This new building has been attributed to Kelso-based architect and builder William Elliot. Mark died in 1812 and around 1820, his son John Pringle, who had inherited, remodelled the new house with an Ionic portico and loggia, to designs by architect Archibald Elliot. Further extensions were planned to replace the old house, but these were never carried out. Marble statues were installed on the garden terrace at this time, and several estate buildings including the stables were erected. Capt. John Pringle kept a menagerie on the estate, including a bear, wolf and monkey, whose cages still stand.</p><br>
<p>On John&#39;s death in 1831, the estate passed to his brother Robert, also a soldier, then their sister Margaret. Her daughter Anne Pringle-Pattison left The Haining to a relative, Andrew Seth (1856–1931), a philosopher at the University of Edinburgh, who subsequently took the name Pringle-Pattison. During these years the house was leased, until 1939, when the estate was split up and sold. The house was requisitioned by the military during the Second World War, and was occupied by Free Polish soldiers, including their mascot, Wojtek the bear. The old house burnt down in 1944, and was demolished in the late 1950s.</p><br>
<p>In 1959 The Haining was bought by Elina Pringle-Pattison, daughter of Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison, and her husband Francis Nimmo-Smith. Their son Andrew Nimmo-Smith lived in the house until his death in 2009, when he left The Haining, including 160 acre of grounds, "for the benefit of the community of Selkirkshire and the wider public." Ownership of the house passed to the Haining Charitable Trust, who outlined their vision for the site in 2010, including an art gallery in the main house, artisan studios in the old coach house, a restaurant, and garden structures. New public walking paths in the grounds were laid out in 2011.</p><br>
<p>On 26 September 2012, the house featured on the BBC Two program Antiques to the Rescue.</p><br>
<p>The East Capitol Car Barn, also known as The Car Barn Condominiums, is an historic building, located at 1400 East Capitol Street, Northeast, Washington, D.C., in the Capitol Hill neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Romanesque Revival building was designed by Waddy Butler Wood in 1896.</p><br>
<p>It was built as a part of the conversion of Streetcars in Washington, D.C. to electric traction.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, it was used to store buses.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the DC Transit Company was acquired by Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, and the building was vacant.</p><br>
<p>A private developer purchased the property and developed it into condominiums.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 1974.</p><br>
<p>St. John Chrysostom Church, also known as the Episcopal Church of St. John Chrysostom and the Little Red Church on the Hill, is a historic wooden Episcopal church building located at 1111 Genesee Street in Delafield, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Built in 1853, it was designed by noted New York architect Richard Michell Upjohn working with his father Richard Upjohn in what has come to be known as the Carpenter Gothic style of architecture. Father James DeKoven served as the parish&#39;s first rector from 1855 until 1859. Bishop Jackson Kemper consecrated the building on May 20, 1856. On February 23, 1972, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Notable previous clergy include Arthur Anton Vogel, fifth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri, who served as rector from 1953 to 1957.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>St. John Chrysostom is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee. Its current priest is the Rev. Philip J. Cunningham.</p><br>
<p>Tizi n&#39;Tichka  is a mountain pass in Morocco, linking the south-east of Marrakesh-Safi to the city of Ouarzazate through the High Atlas mountains. It lies above the great Marrakech Plains and is a gateway to the Sahara Desert. From November through March, snow can often fall on the pass, but it can be warm all year round in the strong sun. It reaches an elevation of 2,260 m above the sea level and is the highest major mountain pass in North Africa. The road was constructed along the old caravan trail by the French military in 1936, and is now part of National Route 9 .</p><br>
<h2>Ecological significance</h2><br>
<p>The last, known Barbary lion in the wilderness of North Africa was shot near Tizi n&#39;Tichka pass in 1942. Genetically speaking, however, the Barbary lion appears to live on in the Senegal lion of Western and Central Africa.</p><br>
<p>Much Haddam is a Federal style brick house, built about 1820 just outside Middleburg, Virginia by Richard Cochran. The two-story brick house is located on the Ashby&#39;s Gap Turnpike, near the west end of Middleburg, and is a prominent landmark to those approaching Middleburg from the west.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cochran built Much Haddam on lands next to his property, which he called "Capitol Hill." The house was apparently a speculative venture, since Cochran sold it immediately upon completion to William Swart. Swart sold the house to William F. Broaddus in 1835, who sold it on to Mary P. Waugh in 1840. Waugh sold in 1866 to Robert C. Leechman, followed by several more owners. In 1966 the house was purchased by Emily N. K. Church Hutchinson, who named the house Much Haddam.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Much Haddam is a five-bay center-hall house. The two-story brick house stands on a prominent stone basement when seen from the downhill side of its sloping site. The roof is standing seam metal. An ell from the rear was originally one story, but was raised to two stories at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ell once had a log extension, which has disappeared. The grounds include an unusual two-story kitchen outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>Much Haddam was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 28, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Provo West Cooperative Mercantile Institution</h2><br>
<p>The Provo West Cooperative Mercantile Institution is a historic building located in Provo, Utah. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built to encourage trading among the Latter Day Saints, the Provo West Co-op was one of the first stores built in the city under the cooperative merchandising movement sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints of the late 1800s. Provo West Co-op was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on March 21, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Cooperative Trading</h2><br>
<p>The City of Provo was settled by members of the LDS church in the year 1849. At this time, the members of the town subsisted primarily through agriculture. Most material goods were transported from Salt Lake City to Provo, where they were exchanged for food. In 1853, Andrew J. Stewart opened Provo’s first store inside of his home. In 1869, the store that he later built on Center Street in the City of Provo became the Provo West Co-op.</p><br>
<p>Profits for merchants in Utah were doing fairly high at this time during the 1860s. However, the farmers and the LDS church, who subsisted through agriculture did not receive much of a profit, if any. Subsequently they began to resent the merchants for their success. Brigham Young, President of the LDS church at that time instructed members to "Cease paying exorbitant prices demanded by disinterested persons...and hundreds of thousands of dollars may be saved annually by the saints." In an attempt to lower the price of flour for the saints, the Utah Produce Co. was organized under church leadership. It was hoped that the produce company would be able to secure all of the grain in the area, and then control the price of flour by monopoly. The effort did not last long and eventually failed. With the railroad on its way toward Utah, many members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, feared that the situation would only be made worse, with more outsiders making even greater profits off of the Mormons.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Samuel S. Jones and David John were the first to take action towards building a cooperative trading store. In December 1868, plans were drawn up for the store. Subscriptions at the time of the meeting amounted to five thousand dollars at the time, and by the end of the month totalled seventeen thousand. The original place and merchandise for the new Cooperative store was purchased from H.W. Lawrence, who sold his goods at cost ($22,880.34), and his building worth $10,400 for $10,000. This store eventually became known as the “East Co-op.”</p><br>
<p>It was then proposed that the women of the Relief Society (The women’s organization within the LDS church) take a part in the cooperative system. The women agreed, and on March 24, 1869, they held a meeting to discuss how they might best assist the program. Although originally they had thought to build four stores, one for each ward in Provo, during the meeting they agreed that they would begin with one until sufficient capital was gained to expand. They purchased the building built in 1869 by Andrew Stewart on Center Street, and Samuel S. Jones was made manager. Although originally referred to as the “Female Store” and the “Women’s Co-op,” the store eventually became known as the “West Co-op.”</p><br>
<p>After the completion of the Cooperative trading system in Provo, Brigham Young was able to convince Salt Lake city merchants to cooperate with the system. As a result the Zion’s Cooperative Mercantile Institution (Z.C.M.I.) was put into operation, and goods were able to be purchased there and sold from the Provo Stores.</p><br>
<h3>Success</h3><br>
<p>Both the East and West Cooperative Mercantile Institutions experienced financial success. The West more so than the East, as its goods were purchased at a lower rate due to them being transported on the railroad. After approximately three months of running, profits totalled $254.15. Dividends paid out were between twenty and thirty percent.</p><br>
<p>Wanting to follow in these store’s footsteps, more new cooperatives were developed in Provo, such as the Cooperative Boot and Shoe Store, Pottery, Woolen Mills, Meat Market, Grist Mill, Bricks, Stock-herd, Drug Store, and a Clothing and Tailoring Store.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>A two story painted brick building, the Provo West Co-op is in relatively good condition today. The inside of the Co-op consists of wood and adobe. One bay deep and three bays wide, Tuscan columns built on pedestals surround the entryway, and the Victorian Eclectic style detail is evident in the double hung sash windows on the second floor. Dentils and consoles are symmetrically aligned on the cornice. Although changes have been made and the building does not retain its original integrity, it still preserves much of the character of the buildings of the late 1800s.</p><br>
<p>The Recreation Center For the Utah State Hospital is a historic building located at 1300 East Center Street in Provo, Utah. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 21, 1996. The facility is believed to be one of the first and largest amphitheaters built in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>During the time of the great depression, the State of Utah was hit hard economically; harder than most of the states. The state had an unemployment rate of 36 percent in 1933, which was the fourth highest in the country. The unemployment rate averaged 25 percent over eight years, between 1932 and 1940. Due to this crisis, and the fact that Utah was worse off than other states, Utah received more federal assistance than many other states. Per capita federal spending in Utah in the 1930s was 9th highest among the 48 states.</p><br>
<p>Many buildings were built with the funds now provided by the national government, such as fire stations, city halls, national guard armories, public schools, and county courthouses. This recreation center is historically significant because it represents and helps document the impact of New Deal programs enforced by the federal government during this time of crisis.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The recreation center covers three acres, seating 800 within its amphitheatre and attached interior rooms. The amphitheatre itself is set against the hillside next to the hospital, on the east end of Provo. "It is constructed almost entirely of stone, as are the attached rooms and two-story towers at the southeast and northwest corners. The towers and the “battlements” of various sections of railing give the structure a castle-like appearance. Attached to the tower at the southeast corner is a large interior room with a fireplace, and above, on its flat roof, is another fireplace and an open-air area for social gatherings. Stone ramps at both the north and south sides provide access to the amphitheatre from the grass play area at the base of the facility (Historic Preservation Research Office p. 2).” The man responsible for drawing up the plans and supervising the work on site is Lavar S. Morris. Despite plans to eventually build additional recreational facilities on site, such as tennice courts, a handball court, and picturesque gardens, the recreation center remains the only recreational facility near the hospital.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Fleetwood Farm, also known as the Greenhill Plantation and Peggys Green, is a Federal style house in Loudoun County, Virginia. The house is conjectured to have been built around 1775 by William Ellzey, a lawyer originally from Virginias Tidewater region. The house is an unusual example of post-and-beam construction in a region where stone or brick construction is more usual.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 2-1/2 story post-and-beam framed structure on a stone foundationa and basement. The frame is infilled with brick nogging and covered with weatherboarding. The weatherboards are covered with stucco. The main block is three bays with a small entry porch supported by Tuscan columns. A one story frame addition extends to the west. The interior was originally arranged on a side-passage plan, which has since been altered. The house features extensive wainscoting. The main parlor features full-height paneling. A second wing was added in 1984. The stucco is believed to have been installed in the 1930s or 1940s. A dining room is also accessed from the side hall. The second floor of the main house has two bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>The property includes three contributing outbuildings: a smokehouse, springhouse and barn. The house and outbuildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 1, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Old McCulloch County Jail is located in Brady, McCulloch County, in the USA state of Texas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in McCulloch County, Texas in 1975, and became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1976. In 1963, the Texas Historical Commission designated the geographical center of Texas as being located 5 mi northwest of Brady. The old jail became the Heart of Texas Historical Museum in 1974. A granite monument to the center of Texas can be found on the grounds of the McCulloch County Courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What is known as the Old McCulloch County Jail is actually the second structure to serve as the county jail. The first jail was built soon after the countys 1876 official organization, the structure having been completed in 1878. The construction on the first jail proved to be of poor quality, and McCullochs prisoners were eventually incarcerated in Mason and San Saba. A new facility was approved by the Commissioner&#39;s Court in 1908, and completed in 1910 at a cost of $14,418.75. Construction of the three-story, red brick Richardson Romanesque facility was done by Southern Structural Steel Company of San Antonio. The second floor housed the prisoners, while the first floor served as living quarters for the sheriff and his family, or for the deputies. The third floor consists of twin towers. The underside of the third floor had a hanging ring, with a second floor trap door to facilitate death by hanging. In both 1936 and 1938, Brady Creek (San Saba River) overflowed its banks and caused the living quarters to be flooded. When the county decided to build a newer facility in 1974, this jail became known as the Old McCulloch County Jail.</p><br>
<h2>Heart of Texas Historical Museum</h2><br>
<p>The old jail now houses the Heart of Texas Historical Museum. In 1974, McCulloch County built a new jail, and the non-profit Heart of Texas Historical Museum, Inc purchased the old jail for $5.00 Restoration of the old jail was completed by 1976 with private donations and matching funds from the State of Texas. The museum received its own Recorded Texas Historic Landmark status in 1976, separate from the RTHL designated to the old jail.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Wentz House is a historic building located at 575 North University Avenue  in northern downtown Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Built sometime between 1866 and 1870, the Wentz home is reminiscent of the Federal row-house design predominantly found in the Eastern United States. The Peter Wentz House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on April 26, 1996. Although located across the street (North University Avenue) from the historic Brigham Young Academy (now Provo City Library), it is immediately surrounded on all sides by modern condominiums.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>The Peter Wentz House is a two-story salt-box residence built on a foundation of cobblestone. The exterior cornice of the home boasts crown molding trim, however the rest of the outward appearance of the home is quite plain. Two fireplaces still exist in the home, and the home also contains a stone cellar. The Wentz home is one room wide and two stories tall. The front facade of the home is symmetrical. All bays have wooden sills and lintels. The house remains functional and structurally sound.</p><br>
<h3>Peter Mastin Wentz</h3><br>
<p>Born on July 3, of 1831 in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, Peter Wentz was born into Methodist lifestyle. He was one of eight children to his mother, Mercy Green. His father, also named Peter, was a Methodist minister. His family eventually encountered turmoil, due to the death of Peter’s mother and the failure of finances within the family. Still in his youth, Peter had to leave home and education behind, apprenticing as a boot and shoemaker.</p><br>
<p>In his twentieth year, Peter Wentz embraced the beliefs of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), converting into the religion. Desiring to be a part of the main mass of members of the church at that time, Wentz travelled to Nauvoo, Illinois then to St. Louis, Missouri, and eventually walked the long trail to Salt Lake City, Utah. Years later, in 1871, Peter served as a missionary for the church in New York.</p><br>
<p>In the year 1857, Peter Wentz settled down in the city of Provo, where he employed himself in the boot and shoe business. For the next several year, Wentz carried goods, traded goods, and prospected in the state of Montana. Wentz married a woman by the name of Minerva Boren in 1864, and with her parented nine kids.</p><br>
<p>Wentz continued on to be a great asset to the Provo community. Serving on the Provo City Council for ten years, serving as a Justice of the Peace, and serving as director and secretary of the Provo Bench Corral and Irrigation Company for sixteen years. He also continued to serve in the LDS Church, as the first bishop in the Timpanogas Ward, a position in which he served for eighteen years.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The John R. Twelves House is a historic house located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>John R. Twelves House * 287 East 100 North * Provo, Utah</h2><br>
<p>This home was built in 1906 by John R. Twelves. John R. Twelves was a central figure in Utah’s history, being involved in the Grand Central Mining Company and serving as Utah County’s treasurer and recorder. The John R. Twelves House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on April 26, 1996.</p><br>
<p>Since 2005, the Twelves House has been the home of independent filmmaker Richard Dutchers Main Street Movie Company, a motion picture production and distribution company. The 9 foot marble sculpture of Jesus, which dominates the front lawn, is a prop which plays prominently in Dutchers film FALLING.</p><br>
<h3>The Victorian Mansions of Provo</h3><br>
<p>"Constructed between 1893 and 1908 in Provo, Utah, these Victorian mansions reflect the wealth and personality of Utahs most successful entrepreneurs of the time. These mansions include the Charles E. Loose House, the William H. Ray House, the Knight-Allen House, the John R. Twelves House, the Jesse Knight House, the Knight-Mangum House, and the Thomas N. Taylor House. "Built during the turn of the century from 1893 to 1908, the domestic residences of Provos prominent entrepreneurs reflect the wealth, power, and aesthetic taste of their owners and of Americas Gilded Age. Larger in size, more complicated in their massing, and ornate in their detailing than the typical residences of Provo, these houses are the Victorian mansions of the city. All derive from the high style popular at the end of the nineteenth century: Eastlake, Italianate, Shingle, Craftsman, Moorish, and the Classical, Romanesque and Colonial Revivals. Although the high styles are of a purer form in these houses than is usually found in Provo, an eclectic attitude still dominates with several styles often being combined into one residence. Characteristic of all these buildings is a compactness and a low earth-hugging quality, which is typical of Provos architecture but antithetical to the optimistic verticality of Salt Lakes Victorian buildings. As is true of the majority of Provos residences, these houses are made primarily of brick, including elaborate ornamental coursing and trim. The Victorian fascination with a variety of rich materials is visible only in the use of masonry in the foundations, lintels and arches of these buildings and in the extensive use of leaded and stained glass in the windows. Some of the most ornate fenestration to be found in Provo is contained in these buildings. In comparison to the buildings in Salt Lake City, these Victorian mansions are modest in size, style, and materials, but are more reflective of the high styles than those generally found in Utah&#39;s small towns such as Manti or Spring City (National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form)."</p><br>
<h3>Jesse Knight and The Tintic Mining Industry</h3><br>
<p>The successful commercial mining of precious metals and minerals transformed Utah&#39;s economy from basically an agrarian base to a more industrialized state. Within this development the Tintic Mining District, located approximately thirty miles southwest of Provo, was founded in 1869 and by 1899 became the leading mining center in Utah with a value of output placed at five million dollars. A central figure in Tintic success was Jesse Knight and the Knight family who resided in Provo.</p><br>
<p>Jesse Knight attained wealth with his Humbug mine in the mid-1890s. The large silver producer allowed Knight to develop other mines in the East Tintic area. Knightsville grew around the workings and became touted as the only saloon-free, prostitute-free, privately owned mining camp in the USA His strict adherence to doctrines of the LDS church made the town one inhabited primarily by Mormons. "Knight began to expand and diversify as mining in Tintic burgeoned. The Knight smelters at Silver City, power plant in Santaquin Canyon, Narrow gauge railway circumventing the district, Tintic drain tunnel projet, and the Knight dry farm all represented vast investments and profits (National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form)."</p><br>
<p>"With financial success Knight expanded with the result of securing coordination of his holdings and placing responsibility on family members by organizing the Knight Investment Company. This corporation included the Bonneville Mining company, Knight Woolen Mills (located in Provo), Ellison Ranching COmpany (nevada), Spring Canyon Coal Company (Carbon County, Utah), and Savings Bank (Provo), Layton Sugar Company, American-Columbian Corporation, Springville-Mapleton Sugar Company, and the Tintic Drain Tunnel Company (National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form)." John R. Twelves acquired a large amount of wealth from the mining business as well. As secretary-treasurer of the Grand Central Mining Company Twelves prospered as the stock for Grand Central rose. In 1902, Twelves had attained enough money to fund his home.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as part of a multiple property submission that nominated seven and listed six Provo houses. The listed houses are the Knight-Mangum House, this, the John R. Twelves House, the Jesse Knight House, the Knight-Allen House, the William H. Ray House, and the Thomas N. Taylor House. The seventh, the Charles E. Loose House, was determined to be NRHP-eligible but was not NRHP-listed due to owner objection.</p><br>
<p>The Port Hedland Saltworks Important Bird Area is a 103 km tract of originally intertidal land, now containing a saltern, lying about 20 km east of the port of Port Hedland on the coast of the Pilbara region of north-west Western Australia. The salt processing facility is operated by Dampier Salt Ltd, part of the Rio Tinto Group.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Important Bird Area (IBA) comprises a system of evaporation ponds, the intake zone where seawater enters, and the adjacent intertidal mudflats. The system includes levee banks and scattered mangroves. During low tides, waterbirds forage on the mudflats and along nearby creeks. During high tides, they move to the saltworks to continue feeding or to roost.</p><br>
<h3>Port Hedland Saltworks</h3><br>
<p>The Port Hedland Saltworks was purchased by Dampier Salt in 2001, and covers an operational area of about 91 km of which the nine evaporation ponds take up 78 km. It has an annual production capacity of 3.2 Mt.</p><br>
<h3>Birds</h3><br>
<p>The site has been identified by BirdLife International as an IBA because it regularly supports over 1% of the world populations of red-necked stints and sharp-tailed sandpipers, as well as a population of the range-restricted dusky gerygone. It previously supported much greater numbers of several more species of waterbirds, especially waders, with counts of up to 66,800 birds present; however, since the expansion of the saltworks in the 1990s numbers have dropped to 5000-10,000. Species that have strongly declined since the 1980s are broad-billed sandpipers, Asian dowitchers, curlew sandpipers, red-necked avocets, banded stilts, Oriental plovers, Oriental pratincoles and white-winged black terns. Other species present include Australian bustards, bush stone-curlews, western bowerbirds, painted finches and canary white-eyes.</p><br>
<p>Silver Lake is located on the west side of the town of Silver Lake, Kansas. It is about a half mile north of the Kansas River. Having an average surface area of 14 acres, it is one of the very few natural lakes in Kansas. It originally was a part of the Kansas River and was left as a lake when the River changed course in the nineteenth century or earlier. However, it is said to be fed by a spring in the lakebed. The lake is crescent shaped. When the town of Silver Lake was founded in 1871, the lake already existed. Silver Lake is one of at least six oxbow lakes formed from the Kansas River.</p><br>
<p>Since the lakebed is mostly shallow, the surface area of Silver Lake can vary considerably. John Roony wrote in a description of the lake in the GoingOutside.com website that in a drought in the 1980s the lakebed all but dried up. During times of much rain the surface area of the lake can be at least 40 acres.</p><br>
<p>Silver Lake is a public lake and boating and fishing are allowed. No swimming is permitted and there is no public boat ramp, so boaters must obtain permission of landowners to launch boats. Almost the entire eastern side is bordered by business and residential buildings. The west side is bordered by crop fields.</p><br>
<p>The De Anza Motor Lodge is a historic motel located on former USA Route 66 in the Upper Nob Hill neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was built in 1939 by Charles G. Wallace, a local trader of Zuni art and pottery, who remained the owner until 1983. Wallace decorated the motel with a variety of Native American art, including a series of murals by Zuni artist Tony Edaakie in a basement room. Commissioned in 1951, these murals are one of the De Anza&#39;s most notable features. The motel was purchased by the city of Albuquerque in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Garrett Wallace came to New Mexico in 1919 to work for the Ilfeld Company, where he became a prominent trader with the people of Zuni Pueblo. In the 1930s, with trade suffering due to the Depression, Wallace saw the influx of tourists on Route 66 as an opportunity to expand his business. He partnered with Tucson entrepreneur S.D. Hambaugh to build a motel on East Central, which they named the De Anza Motor Lodge after Juan Bautista de Anza, a Spanish governor of New Mexico. The motel opened in 1939 with 30 rooms. Soon thereafter, Wallace bought out Hambaugh to become the sole owner.</p><br>
<p>Wallace expanded and remodeled the De Anza after World War II, removing most of the Pueblo Revival elements to give the motel a more modern appearance. The number of rooms increased to 55 and then 67. A cafe called the Turquoise Room, featuring a terrazzo floor inlaid with turquoise and silver pieces, and a basement conference room were also added.</p><br>
<p>Wallace sold the De Anza in 1983 and died ten years later. The motel changed hands several times and eventually went out of business. In 2002, a proposal by Albertsons to raze the De Anza caught the attention of the city, which began looking at ways to save the property. In July 2003 the city bought the motel for $891,000 with the intention of renovating it, working with developers between 2006-2010 in an unsuccessful attempt to re-use the property. As restoration work was never completed, the city sought a new developer in 2011, entering into partnership in 2012 with Rob Dickson for the $4.3 million project. After restoration and construction planned for July 2012 to March 2013 the historic motel property will host 39 residential cabanas, a swimming pool and clubhouse, a café, tourist information kiosk, museum and a Zuni art/jewellery store.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 2003 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. In 2012, it was designated a Historic Landmark by the city of Albuquerque.</p><br>
